Image from page 61 of “How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ..” (1868)
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Identifier: cu31924000896575
Title: How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ..
Year: 1868 (1860s)
Authors: Johnson, Samuel William, 1830-1909
Subjects: Agricultural chemistry Growth (Plants)
Publisher: New York, O. Judd & company
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN
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n only be discovered on expelling it by heat or other-wise,—and may be designated as the hygroscopic water ofvegetation. The amount of water contained in either fresh or air-dry vegetable matter is constantly fluctuating with thetemperature and the dryness of the atmosphere. 2. The Cellulose Gbottp, oe the Amyloids.This group comprises Cellulose, Starch, Inulin, Dextrin,Gum, Cane sugar. Fruit sugar, and Grape sugar. These bodies, especially cellulose and starch, form byfar the larger share—perhaps seven-eighths—of all the drymatter of vegetation, and most of them are distributedthroughout all parts of plants. Cellnlose, C,, H,„ 0^„.—Every agricultural plant is anaggregate of microscopic cells, i. e., is made up of minutesacks or closed tubes, ajihering to each other. 56 HOW CROPS GBOW. Fig. 10 represents an extremely thin slice from Iho stem of a cabbage,magnified 330 diameters. Tbe united walls of two cells are seen in sec-tion at o, wliile at b an empty space is noticed.
Text Appearing After Image:
Fig. 10. The outer coating, or wall, of the cell is cellulose. Thissubstance is accordingly the skeleton or framework of theplant, and the material that gives tough-ness and solidity to its parts. Next towater it is the most abundant body inthe vegetable world. All plants and all parts of all plantscontain cellulose, but it is relatively mostabundant in their stems and leaves. Inseeds it forms a large portion of the husk,shell, or other outer coating, but in theinterior of the seed it exists in smallquantity. The fibers of cotton, (Fig. 11, a,) hemp,and flax, (Fig. 11,6,) and white cloth andunsized paper made from these materials,are nearly pure cellulose. Tlie fibers of cotton, liemp, and flax, are simply „.^ „ long and tljioli-walled cells, the appearance of ° which, when highly magnified, is shown in fig. 11, where a represents the thinner, more soft, and collapsed cotton fiber, and b the thicker and more durable fiber of linen.
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