Image from page 61 of “How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ..” (1868)
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Identifier: cu31924000896575
Title: How crops grow. A treatise on the chemical composition, structure, and life of the plant, for all students of agriculture ..
Year: 1868 (1860s)
Authors: Johnson, Samuel William, 1830-1909
Subjects: Agricultural chemistry Growth (Plants)
Publisher: New York, O. Judd & company
Contributing Library: Cornell University Library
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN
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Text Appearing Before Image:
Fig. 10. The outer coating, or wall, of the cell is cellulose. Thissubstance is accordingly the skeleton or framework of theplant, and the material that gives tough-ness and solidity to its parts. Next towater it is the most abundant body inthe vegetable world. All plants and all parts of all plantscontain cellulose, but it is relatively mostabundant in their stems and leaves. Inseeds it forms a large portion of the husk,shell, or other outer coating, but in theinterior of the seed it exists in smallquantity. The fibers of cotton, (Fig. 11, a,) hemp,and flax, (Fig. 11,6,) and white cloth andunsized paper made from these materials,are nearly pure cellulose. Tlie fibers of cotton, liemp, and flax, are simply „.^ „ long and tljioli-walled cells, the appearance of ° which, when highly magnified, is shown in fig. 11, where a represents the thinner, more soft, and collapsed cotton fiber, and b the thicker and more durable fiber of linen.
Text Appearing After Image:
THE VOLATILE PART OP PLANTS. 57 Wood, or woody fiber, consists of long and slender cellsof various forms and dimensions, see p. 271,) which are deli-cate when young, (in the sap wood,) but as they becomeolder fill up interiorly by the deposition of repeated layersof cellulose, which is intergron-n with a substance, (or sub-stances,) called lignin.* The hard shells of nuts andstone fruits contain a basis of cellulose, wijich is impreg-nated with ligneous matter. When quite pure, cellulose is a white, often silky orspongy, and translucent body, its appearance varying some-what according to the source whence it is obtained. Inthe air-dry state, it usually contains about 10° |„ of hygro-scopic water. It has, in common with animal membranes,the character of swelling up when immersed in water, fromimbibing this liquid; on drying again, it shrinks in hulk.It is tough and elastic. Cellulose difiers remarkably from the other bodies of this group, in the fact of its slight solubility in dilu
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